• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a sintered component (1), in particular an annular sintered component (1), with a toothing (2), wherein the toothing (2) has teeth (3) with toothed feet (6) and tooth flanks (4). All teeth (3) and tooth roots (6) of the toothing (2) have a plasma nitrided or plasmanitrocarburierte layer (7), wherein the tooth feet (6) have a Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit af im according to DIN 3990 of at least 200 MPa.
    公开号:AT515352A2
    申请号:T50051/2014
    申请日:2014-01-28
    公开日:2015-08-15
    发明作者:Christian Dipl Ing Sandner；Günter Dipl Ing Rübig
    申请人:Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a sintered component, in particular annular sintered component, with a toothing, wherein the toothing has teeth with tooth roots and tooth flanks. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a, in particular annular, sintered component with a tooth having the teeth with tooth roots and tooth flanks, in near net-shape or net-shape quality comprising the steps powder pressing, sintering and curing.
    High strength sintered gears today are case hardened or carbonitrided to achieve the desired strength. Carbon, nitrogen and carbon penetrate the surface, hard martensite is created and tensions occur. These lead u.a. To warp and require in most cases a subsequent hard finishing, especially the gearing. This hard fine machining causes additional costs, especially with ring gears.
    The present invention has for its object to produce a sintered component mentioned at a lower cost.
    This object of the invention is achieved with the sintered component mentioned above in that all the teeth and tooth roots of the toothing have a plasma-nitrided or plasmanitrocarburierte layer, wherein the tooth roots has a Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit aF, nm according to DIN 3990 of at least 200 MPa. Further, the object of the invention with the aforementioned method is achieved, wherein the hardening is carried out by plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing, wherein the tooth roots are produced with a Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit aF, nm according to DIN 3990 of at least 200 MPa.
    The advantage here is that the sintered components can be produced by the method in near net-shap or in particular in net-shape quality. By plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing to harden the sintered components, process-related distortions, such as occur during case hardening, can be avoided. In contrast to the known gas nitriding, during the plasma treatment, the removal of nitrogen and optionally carbon does not take place via the pores of the sintered component but via its metallic constituents, whereby distortion during hardening of the sintered component can be avoided. With the Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit <tf, nm according to DIN 3990 of at least 200 MPa is achieved that in addition to the formed on the sintered component surface hard edge zone, the dynamic load capacity of the sintered gears is improved and thus at least in the range of Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit of case hardened sintered components. Surprisingly, a high tooth root strength can be achieved in the sintered components according to the invention, even if the area of the tooth root has not previously been compressed. In addition, the sintered component may contain less carbon. It can thereby be achieved that a calibration step, if appropriate before the plasma treatment, for adjusting the component geometry after sintering can be carried out more simply.
    According to a variant embodiment of the sintered component, it is provided that the tooth flanks have a nitrided or nitrocarburized layer which has a tooth flank loadability oh, according to DIN 3990 of at least 500 MPa. It can thus be made available a sintered component, the toothing not only has improved dynamic properties, but also an improved bearing capacity of the flanks during meshing engagement of the teeth of another toothing element.
    It may further be provided that the nitrided or nitrocarburised layer (s) of the tooth roots and / or the tooth flanks have a maximum value of the compressive residual stresses selected from a range of 200 MPa to 1500 MPa. It is thus achieved a further improvement in the fatigue strength of the sintered component by bending and torsional stresses of the teeth and the resulting tensile stresses can be better counteracted. It can thus reduce the risk of cracking in the teeth, especially in the area of the tooth feet. With compressive residual stresses of above 1500 MPa, the risk increases that occurs during the plasma nitriding a component distortion, whereby the advantage of the process, namely the non-mandatory hard fine machining of the sintered components after curing, at least partially canceled. With compressive stresses of less than 200 MPa, in turn, the risk of tooth fracture increases under load, especially in the area of the tooth roots.
    According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the toothing preferably has a module from a range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm. In fact, it has been found in the course of the invention that the above-described positive effects of plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing surprisingly occur particularly pronounced with tooth sizes corresponding to a module from this area.
    It is further preferred if the sintered component is made of a sintering powder that consists of 0.1 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% chromium, 0.1 wt .-% to 0.8 wt .-% carbon, 0 wt % to 2 wt .-% molybdenum, 0 wt .-% to 2 wt .-% nickel and the balance iron. This composition allows for an improved diffusion of the nitrogen and possibly the carbon into the sintered component during plasma nitriding, so that the above-mentioned effects can be improved. In addition, by the content of chromium, especially when it is selected near the upper limit of 5 wt .-%, the sintered component, a higher strength, in particular a higher hardness, can be awarded. By virtue of the low carbon content, in turn, as already explained above, the formability of the sintered component during a calibration step, if necessary, to be carried out prior to plasma hardening can be improved.
    It has also been found in tests carried out that it is advantageous for the generation of Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit according to the foregoing, if the tooth roots are not compacted after sintering. It is assumed that the distortions normally produced in the compaction in the structure of the sintered component counteract the generation of the tooth root fatigue strength and in particular also the residual compressive stresses. In fact, it has been found in some experimental sintered components that the compression of the tooth root area prior to plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburization can lead to a deterioration of the abovementioned mechanical characteristics of the sintered component.
    On the other hand, it can be provided that the tooth flanks (and possibly the tooth heads) are compacted, in particular cold-compacted, in order thereby to improve the edge-bearing capacity of the teeth. In the event that a compression of the entire toothing or at least a compaction of the tooth flanks and the tooth roots before the plasma nitriding or Plasmanitrocarburieren takes place, it is advantageous for the above reasons, when the tooth flanks are compressed higher than the tooth roots.
    A further improvement of the dynamic loading capacity of the teeth, in particular in the area of the tooth roots, can be achieved if the toothing has a nitriding depth depth according to DIN 50190-3 selected from a range of 0.03 mm to 0.6 mm.
    It is furthermore advantageous if all the teeth and toothed teeth of the toothing have a continuous connecting layer of one or more iron nitride (s) or iron carbonitride (s) and / or a diffusion zone which extends at least in the region of the 30 ° tangent contact point. Due to the continuous bonding layer on the surface of the sintered component of the ceramic character of the surface over the entire toothing (at least in radial view) is obtained, whereby the wear resistance of at least the entire radial, in particular the entire surface of the toothing can be improved. In addition, the corrosion resistance can be improved by the continuous bonding layer. By the at least in the region of the 30 ° tangent contact point (i.e., in the region of the critical Zahnfußquerschnittes) continuous diffusion zone in turn, the duration strength of the toothing, in particular the resistance to bending stresses can be improved because the diffusion zone has higher compressive residual stresses than the connecting layer. Starting from the bonding layer to the base material in the core of the sintered component, a hardness gradient can be obtained or set via the diffusion layer. In addition, the diffusion layer has a supporting action for the connecting layer.
    It should be mentioned in this context that a connecting layer in the context of the invention means a layer in which iron nitrides and / or iron carbonitrides are present. These compounds are formed by the reaction of iron with nitrogen and / or carbon. The term "tie layer" therefore indicates these bonds and not necessarily a layer that makes a connection to another layer. The latter can apply, however, if a further layer is deposited on the surface of the toothing after plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing.
    If the sintered component has other elements, such as those mentioned above, in particular chromium and molybdenum, these can likewise form nitrides which are present in the diffusion layer.
    In the context of the invention, a diffusion layer is understood to mean a layer which is formed in particular below the connection layer. The diffusion layer is formed by the diffusion of nitrogen and possibly carbon into the sintered component during plasma nitriding or plasmanitrocarburizing. A diffusion layer is thus a layer in which nitrogen and optionally carbon are incorporated interstitially and / or in the form of nitride precipitates into the matrix.
    It is also advantageous if the layer thickness of the bonding layer and the layer thickness of the diffusion zone and the Nitrierhärtiefe in the tooth flanks is greater than or equal to the layer thickness of the connection zone and the layer thickness of the diffusion zone and the Nitrierhärtiefe in the tooth roots. It can thus be achieved a toothing, which has both an improved dynamic behavior in the area of the tooth roots and an improved load capacity in the region of the tooth flanks.
    According to another embodiment, it can be provided that the one outermost layer of the tooth flanks and the tooth roots is an oxide layer, for which purpose the toothing can be oxidized after plasma nitriding. It can thus on the one hand increases the corrosion resistance of the sintered component and on the other hand, the friction coefficient of the toothing can be reduced.
    Preferably, the gearing has a surface hardness according to Vickers according to EN ISO 4498, which is selected from a range of 500 HV to 1300 HV. Especially with hardnesses in this range, an increase in the mechanical resistance of the sintered component could be achieved.
    On the other hand, it is also advantageous if the sintered component has a core hardness according to Vickers according to EN ISO 4498, selected from a range of 100 HV to 500 HV. Due to the lower core hardness of the sintered component whose core is tougher and can thus better withstand dynamic loads.
    It can further be provided that the volume fraction of γ'-nitride (Fe 4 N) in the compound layer is higher than the proportion of ε-nitride (Fe 2 -3 N). Due to the higher proportion of γ'-nitride, the bonding layer can also have a higher toughness, so that the dynamic load capacity of the sintered component can be further improved with high wear resistance.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each shows in a highly schematically simplified representation:
    1 shows a detail of a toothing of a gear.
    FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the nitriding hardness depth of the gear wheel according to FIG. 1 produced by the method described. FIG.
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent separate, inventive or inventive solutions.
    In Fig. 1 is a cross section of a section of a metallic sintered component 1 with a toothing 2 is shown. The toothing 2 has teeth 3. The teeth have tooth flanks 4, tooth tips 5 and tooth feet 6.
    With regard to the definition of the regions of the tooth flanks 4, the tooth heads 5 and the tooth roots 6, reference is made to DIN 3998.
    A tooth root is understood to mean the area between the root circle and the beginning of the engagement area of a further toothed wheel.
    The tooth flank is the area of engagement of the further gear. The tooth flank thus connects to the tooth root.
    The tooth tip adjoins the tooth flank and is the area between the engagement end of the further toothed wheel and the tip circle diameter.
    The metallic sintered component 1 is in particular of annular design and may be a (gear) toothed wheel, a toothed belt wheel, an internal toothed wheel, for example a ring gear, a sprocket, etc. But there are also linear training possible, for example as a rack. Further, the sintered component 1 may have a straight toothing or a helical toothing.
    The production of the sintered component 1 takes place in the first process sequence by conventional sintering processes. For this purpose, a sintered powder which is produced from the individual (metallic) powders by mixing, wherein the powders can optionally be used in pre-alloyed form, is used to produce a green compact in a corresponding press mold. Preferably, the green compact has a density of greater than 6.8 g / cm3.
    The green compact is subsequently dewaxed and sintered at ordinary temperatures and then preferably cooled to room temperature. The sintering can be carried out, for example, at a temperature between 1100 ° C and 1300 ° C.
    Alternatively, the sintering may be carried out in two stages, wherein in a first step the green compact is sintered into a brown compact and then sintered by high-temperature sintering.
    Since these procedures and the process parameters used therein are known from the prior art, reference is made to avoid repetition to the relevant prior art.
    As sintering powder from which the sintered component 1 is produced, a powder having the following composition is preferably used: 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight of chromium 0.1% by weight to 0.8% by weight of carbon 0 wt .-% to 2 wt .-% molybdenum 0 wt .-% to 2 wt .-% nickel
    Rest iron.
    In particular, by the proportions of chromium and molybdenum higher hardness values can be achieved. With too large proportions of these elements, i. above the specified range limits, however, it was found that the Nitrierhärtiefe decreases under identical plasma nitriding parameters.
    If appropriate, customary processing auxiliaries, such as pressing aids and / or binders, may also be added to the sintering powder in the usual proportions. These proportions relate to the entire powder mixture. By contrast, the abovementioned proportions of the metallic powders are based on the totality of the metallic fractions.
    After sintering, the sintered member 1 is hardened to improve wear resistance. Hardening is carried out by plasma nitriding or plasmanitro-carburizing, for which purpose at least one nitrogen source and optionally at least one carbon source is present in the treatment chamber for the sintered components 1. The plasma treatment of the sintered component 1 is carried out with the following parameters. The sintered components 1 are preferably cleaned before the heat treatment in the plasma, optionally after the previous removal of oils and fats in a cleaning system. The cleaning preferably takes place by means of sputtering.
    Plasma nitriding temperature:
    The temperature is selected from a range of 350 ° C and 600 ° C, especially selected from a range of 400 ° C and 550 ° C. Optionally, the temperature can vary over the duration of the process, although in any case the temperature is in the stated temperature range.
    Duration of plasma nitriding: 1 hour to 60 hours
    Atmosphere in plasma nitriding:
    As the atmosphere in the plasma chamber, hydrogen or nitrogen or argon or a mixture thereof, for example, a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen may be used. The ratio of the volume fractions of hydrogen and nitrogen in this mixture may be selected from a range of 100: 1 to 1: 100. Optionally, the volume fractions of hydrogen and nitrogen over the duration of the process may vary, but in any case the ratios are in the above ranges, Additional process gases may be present, with their total amount of the atmosphere being at most 30% by volume.
    Tension:
    The electric potential between the electrodes is selected from a range of 300 V to 800 V, in particular, from a range of 450 V to 700 V. In this case, it is also possible that the voltage during the plasma nitriding treatment of the sintered components 1 is varied.
    In this case, at least two separate electrodes can be used, as well as the sintered component 1 itself can be connected as an electrode.
    Pressure range:
    The pressure in the treatment chamber during the plasma treatment of the sintered components 1 can be selected from a range of 0.1 mbar to 10 mbar, in particular from a range of 2 mbar to 7 mbar.
    It is possible with this procedure to produce sintered components 1 with a toothing 2 in near net-shape or net-shape quality, i. that only minor or no rework must be carried out because the sintered components 1 at least approximately already have their final geometry. In particular, therefore, no subsequent machining is required.
    By plasma nitriding or plasmanitrocarburizing, the sintered components 1 in the near-surface regions are hardened to form a layer 7. In this case, the nitrogen content and optionally the carbon content in the sintered components 1 are increased by incorporation of nitrogen and optionally carbon in this layer 7. The term "elevated" also includes an increase in these levels starting from 0% by weight before the plasma treatment.
    The layer 7 extends over all the teeth 3 of the toothing 2 of the sintered component 1
    The tooth roots 6 of the plasma-treated sintered components 1 have, after carrying out this method, a tooth root fatigue strength of, Nm according to DIN 3990 of at least 200 MPa. In particular, the tooth roots 6 have a Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit of, nm according to DIN 3990 from a range of 200 MPa to 500 MPa.
    The tooth flanks 4 likewise have the nitrided or nitrocarburized layer 7. After carrying out the method, the tooth flanks 4 have a tooth flank carrying capacity σΗ of at least 500 MPa according to DIN 3990.
    Preferably, however, the tooth flanks 4 have a tooth flank carrying capacity σπ of at least 600 MPa according to DIN 3990. In particular, the tooth flanks 4 have a tooth flank carrying capacity oh, according to DIN 3990 from a range of 600 MPa to 1500 MPa. This tooth flank carrying capacity is achieved by a high hardness and compressive stresses in the region of the connecting layer 8 and the diffusion layer 9. The tensile stresses generated during use are reduced by the prevailing compressive stresses, whereby local material strengths are not exceeded.
    In the course of experiments, it has been found that the above-mentioned values for the Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit and in particular for the Zahnflanketragfähigkeit is more easily achieved when the gearing has a geometry that results in a normal modulus mn, which is selected from a range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm, in particular selected from a range of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The reason for this is assumed to be that the weaker regulation in the case of small-modulus toothings leads to a thin to non-existent brittle connecting layer. The diffusion layer 9, which has residual compressive stresses, is nevertheless present.
    For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the module is defined in accordance with DIN 868 as the quotient of pitch circle diameter in mm and the number of teeth. The pitch diameter is the diameter of a gear in which the pitch p occurs exactly z times, where z is the number of teeth. The tooth pitch p is the length of a partial arc between two consecutive flanks of the same name (right or left flanks).
    Preferably, plasma nitriding or plasmonitrocarburizing is carried out in such a way that all of the teeth 3 and toothed roots 6 of the toothing 2 have a continuous connecting layer 8 of one or more iron nitride (s) or iron carbonitride (s). The bonding layer 8 is part of the layer 7. In the bonding layer 8, chemical compounds are formed from iron and nitrogen and optionally carbon.
    As explained above, however, the connection layer 8 can be interrupted within the scope of the invention. On the other hand, the diffusion layer 9 preferably always extends continuously over all of the teeth 3 and the tooth roots 6 of the toothing 2.
    The connection layer 8 is followed by a diffusion layer 9, which is likewise part of the layer 7. This diffusion layer 9 is formed below the connection layer 8. In the diffusion layer 9 are the nitrogen and optionally carbon in diffused form and as nitrides and / or carbonitrides, ie not in the form of chemical compounds as in the connecting layer 8, before. With regard to the diffusion layer 9, it is preferred if it is formed as a continuous diffusion zone at least in the region of a 30 ° tangent contact point 10.
    The 30 ° tangent touch point 10 is the point of contact of the 30 ° tangent to the fillet of the tooth root 6, as shown in FIG. This point is in a gearing a critical point in terms of mechanical stress during meshing engagement with another gearing.
    The diffusion layer 9 particularly preferably extends completely circumferentially over the toothing 2 of the sintered component 1, ie. over the tooth flanks 4, the tooth heads 5 and the tooth roots 6, as shown in FIG.
    The patency of the diffusion layer 9 is achieved by preferably increasing the process pressure.
    The continuity of the diffusion layer 9 at least in the region of the 30 ° tangent contact point 10 is also achieved by preferably increasing the process pressure.
    The bonding layer 8 may have a layer thickness selected from a range of 0 pm to 10 pm. For example, the tooth roots 6 may not have a bonding layer 8.
    The diffusion layer 9 may have a layer thickness selected from a range of 0.03 mm to 0.6 mm.
    Achieved or controlled, the layer thickness of the bonding layer 8 and the layer thickness of the diffusion layer 9 on the process temperature, time, pressure and the composition of the atmosphere can be.
    According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the layer thickness of the bonding layer 8 and the layer thickness of the diffusion layer 9 and the Nitrierhärtiefe in the tooth flanks 4 is greater than or equal to the layer thickness of the bonding layer 8 and the layer thickness of the diffusion layer 9 and the Nitrierhärtiefe in the Toothed feet 6. This can be achieved by adjusting the process pressure and the tooth geometry.
    Reference is made to DIN 50190 - Part 3 for the definition of the term "nitriding hardness depth".
    The toothing 2 preferably has a nitriding hardness depth according to DIN 50190-3, which is selected from a range of 0.03 mm to 0.6 mm. This is achieved by the process temperature, time, pressure and composition of the atmosphere
    According to another embodiment variant of the sintered component 1, it is provided that the volume fraction of γ'-nitride (Fe4N) formed in the bonding layer 8 is higher than the proportion of ε-nitride (Fe2-3N). This can be achieved by the process temperature, time, pressure and composition of the atmosphere
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that after sintering and before plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing, only the tooth flanks 4 of the toothing 2 and possibly the tooth heads 5 are compressed, in particular cold-compacted. In other words, therefore, the tooth roots 6 are not compacted after sintering.
    The densification can take place for example by rolling the toothing against a master mold, wherein the master mold has a toothing which engages in the toothing 2 of the sintered component 1. The densification can also be done in a mold with which a corresponding pressure on the tooth flanks can be exercised.
    According to another embodiment, it may be provided that the tooth roots 6 are also post-compacted, in particular cold-compacted, prior to plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing. In this case, however, it is advantageous if the tooth flanks 4 and optionally the tooth heads 5 are compressed higher than the tooth roots 6. In particular, in this embodiment, the tooth flanks 4 and optionally the tooth heads 5 are compressed higher by at least 0.2 g / cm3 as the tooth roots 6. For the densification of the tooth flanks 4 and optionally the tooth tips 5, a compression pressure selected from a range of 300 MPa to 1200 MPa can be used. For the densification of the tooth roots 6, a compression pressure selected from a range of 300 MPa to 1200 MPa can be used.
    Due to the densification, the near-surface regions of the tooth flanks 4 and optionally of the tooth heads 5 have a density which corresponds to at least 95% of the density of the solid material (full density). The near-surface regions of the tooth roots 6 may have a density which corresponds to at least 90% of the density of the solid material (full density).
    The re-compaction is carried out in particular to a depth in the sintered component 1 which is between 0.08 mn and 0.2 mn, measured from the surface of the
    Sintering Component 1. The area of the sintered component 1 below the compacted area, i. The core of the sintered component 1 has a core density which at least approximately corresponds to the density of the sintered component 1 after sintering.
    Preferably, the compaction is performed so that the compaction depth, i. the layer thickness of the compacted zone starting from the surface, in the region of the tooth flanks 4 is greater than or equal to the compaction depth in the region of the tooth roots 6. The compaction depth in the region of the tooth flanks 4 can be selected from a range of 0.08 mn to 0.2 mn and the compaction depth in the area of the tooth roots 6 are selected from a range of 0 mn to 0.1 mn.
    It is also possible that the sintered component 1 is calibrated after sintering and before plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing or after plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing. Calibration serves to increase the component geometry, ie to match the actual dimension to the specified dimension. This is not necessary if the sintered component 1 is already produced in net-shap quality.
    When calibrating, an at least partial compaction of the surface of the sintered component 1 can optionally take place.
    It is further possible for the sintered component 1 to be treated oxidatively after plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburization, so that at least partially, preferably entirely, an oxide layer 11 is formed on the teeth 3 of the toothing 2, in particular the tooth flanks 4, the tooth heads 5 and the tooth roots 6 is trained. This oxide layer 11 forms the outermost layer of the sintered component 1 at least in the region of the tooth flanks 4, the tooth heads 5 and the tooth roots 6, as can be seen from FIG. 1, in which the oxide layer 11 is shown in dashed lines.
    The oxide layer 11 is preferably carried out in the treatment chamber in which plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing is also carried out. For this purpose, after the plasma nitriding or plasmonitrocarburizing, the treatment chamber can be rinsed in order to remove the treatment gases for plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing from the treatment chamber and then an oxygen source is introduced into the treatment chamber. As the oxygen source, oxygen-containing media, such as e.g. Air, water, N20, etc., to be used.
    Alternatively, after the plasma nitriding or plasmonitrocarburizing of the sintered component 1, the rinsing of the treatment chamber can be dispensed with and the oxygen source can be supplied immediately.
    The oxidizing treatment of the sintered components 1 can be carried out with the following process parameters:
    Temperature: 400 ° C - 600 ° C
    Pressure: max. 1 atm
    Time: 0.25 h to 5 h
    The oxidizing treatment generates oxides from the metallic constituents of the sintered component 1, for example magnetite (Fe304) or other iron oxides. However, it is also possible to produce other oxides, for example chromium oxides or mixed oxides.
    The generation of the oxide layer 11 can also take place in another treatment chamber. For this purpose, the sintered components 1 can be cooled after plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing and transferred into this other treatment chamber.
    The oxide layer preferably has a layer thickness selected from a range of 1 pm to 5 pm. In particular, the oxide layer may have a layer thickness of 1 pm to 3 pm.
    Due to the formation of the oxide layer 8 as the outermost layer of the toothing 2 at least in the radial direction, the connecting layer 8 can possibly be sealed, whereby the construction of a load-bearing lubricating film between the tooth flanks is facilitated by intermeshing toothings. It can thus be increased, the load capacity of the tooth flanks 4. In addition, so that the corrosion resistance of the sintered component and the running-in behavior of the toothing 2 can be improved.
    According to another embodiment variant of the sintered component 1, it can be provided that the nitrided or nitrocarburised layer (s) 7 of the toothed feet 6 and / or the tooth flanks 4 has / have a maximum value of the compressive residual stresses selected from a range from 200 MPa to 1500 MPa , in particular from a range of 300 MPa to 1370 MPa.
    The internal compressive stresses are determined according to DIN EN 15305: 2008.
    This is achieved by the distortion of the crystal lattice due to the forced solution of atomic nitrogen and possibly also carbon.
    It is further preferred if the toothing has a surface hardness according to Vickers according to EN ISO 4498, which is selected from a range of 500 HV to 1300 HV, in particular selected from a range of 750 HV to 1000 HV. This is achieved by precipitation hardening by means of nitrides.
    It can be provided according to a further preferred embodiment that the sintered component 1 has a core hardness according to Vickers according to EN ISO 4498, which is selected from a range of 100 HV to 500 HV, in particular selected from a range of 200 HV to 400 HV. This is achieved, inter alia, by the chemical composition of the sintered component 1 and / or the pressed density, etc.
    With the method described above, sintered components 1 can be produced which have a high tooth root strength even after densification after sintering. It is thus further possible to use sintered powder, which have a lower proportion of carbon than would be required for obtaining a certain hardness. In addition, 1 high compressive residual stresses can be reached on the surface of the sintered component. In addition, however, a hardness gradient with decreasing hardness towards the interior, i. the core zone, the sintered component 1 can be adjusted.
    Preferably, the density in the tooth roots 6 is equal to the density of the base material after the sintering, thus corresponds to the core density.
    In addition to a lower carbon content, sintered powders having a higher chromium content which are difficult to process can also be used per se. The chromium content can be between 0.1% by weight and 5% by weight.
    The end faces of the sintered component 1 are usually not densified separately.
    Embodiment:
    A spur gear made of a sintered powder having the composition of 0.5 wt% Mo, 3 wt% Cr, 0.25 wt% C and the balance Fe was prepared.
    The sintered powder was pressed at a pressure of about 690 MPa and then sintered at a temperature of 1150 ° C under a protective gas atmosphere and then cooled to room temperature.
    The spur gear had a module of 1 mm.
    Before plasma nitriding, the surface of the spur gear was thermally cleaned.
    Thereafter, the spur gear was introduced into a plasma chamber, the plasma chamber evacuated, flooded with nitrogen and heated convectively. Before starting the plasma nitriding process, the process pressure was evacuated and then filled with N2 / H2 as the process gas.
    Plasma nitriding took place with the following parameters:
    Temperature: 520 ° C
    Pressure: 4 mbar
    Electrical voltage: 500 V Duration: 6 h
    Thereafter, the spur gear was cooled to room temperature.
    In Fig. 2, the achieved Nitrierhärtiefe is shown. The ordinate shows the hardness according to Vickers (HV 0.5). The distance from the surface of the spur gear in mm is plotted on the abscissa.
    In each case, the hardnesses of the right (rear) and left (front) tooth flank 4 (curves 12 and 13) of a tooth 2 and of the adjoining tooth bases 6 (curves 14 and 15) were measured.
    As can be seen from the measured curves, a hardness gradient is formed both on the tooth flanks 4 and in the tooth roots 6. The hardness of the tooth flanks 4 is significantly higher than that of the tooth roots 6.
    The Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit gf, according to DIN 3990 was 350 MPa
    Furthermore, the spur gear had a tooth flange carrying capacity gh, according to DIN 3990 of 900 MPa.
    It was formed by the plasma nitriding on the toothing 2 circumferential connection layer 8 with a thickness of 0 pm to 5 μιτι mm, wherein the connecting layer 8 in the region of the tooth roots 6 was thinner than in the region of the tooth flanks 4. The thickness of the diffusion layer 9 was between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, whereby again the diffusion layer 9 in the region of the tooth roots 6 was thinner than in the region of the tooth flanks 4
    The exemplary embodiment shows a possible embodiment variant of the sintered component 1
    For the sake of the order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the structure of the sintered component 1, this or its constituent parts have been shown partly unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    LIST OF REFERENCES 1 sintered component 2 toothing 3 tooth 4 tooth flank 5 tooth head 6 tooth root 7 layer 8 connecting layer 9 diffusion layer 10 30 ° tangent contact point 11 oxide layer 12 curve 13 curve 14 curve 15 curve
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    1. sintered component (1), in particular annular sintered component (1), with a toothing (2), wherein the toothing (2) teeth (3) with tooth bases (6) and tooth flanks (4), characterized in that all the teeth (3) and toothed feet (6) of the toothing (2) have a plasma-nitrided or plasmanitrocarburierte layer (7), wherein the tooth feet (6) have a Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit of \ m according to DIN 3990 of at least 200 MPa.
    [2]
    2. sintered component (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the tooth flanks (4) have a nitrided or nitrocarburierte layer (7) having a Zahnflankentragfähigkeit oh, nm according to DIN 3990 of at least 500 MPa.
    [3]
    3. sintered component (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nitrided or nitrocarburierten layer (s) (7) of the tooth roots (6) and / or the tooth flanks (4) has a maximum value of the compressive residual stresses / has which is selected from a range of 200 MPa to 1500 MPa.
    [4]
    4. sintered component (1) according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the toothing (2) has a module from a range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm.
    [5]
    5. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is made of a sintered powder having the following composition: 0.1 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% chromium 0.1 wt .-% to 0.8 wt.% Carbon 0 wt.% To 2 wt.% Molybdenum 0 wt.% To 2 wt.% Nickel balance iron.
    [6]
    6. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the toothed feet (6), in particular after sintering, have not been compressed.
    [7]
    7. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tooth flanks (4) compacted, in particular cold-compressed, are.
    [8]
    8. sintered component (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the tooth flanks (4) are compressed higher than the toothed feet (6).
    [9]
    9. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the toothing (2) has a Nitrierhärtiefe according to DIN 50190-3 selected from a range of 0.03 mm to 0.6 mm.
    [10]
    10. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that all the teeth (3) and toothed feet (6) of the toothing (2) has a continuous connecting layer (8) of one or more iron nitride (s) or iron carbonitride (s) and / or a diffusion zone (9), which is continuous at least in the region of the 30 ° tangent contact point (10), in particular a diffusion zone (9) which extends over all the teeth (3) and tooth bases (6) of the toothing (2).
    [11]
    11. sintered component (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the layer thickness of the bonding layer (8) and the layer thickness of the diffusion zone (9) and the Nitrierhärtiefe in the region of the tooth flanks (4) is greater than or equal to the layer thickness of the connection zone (8 ) and the layer thickness of the diffusion zone (9) and the Nitrierhärtiefe in the region of the tooth roots (6).
    [12]
    12. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that an outermost layer of the tooth flanks (4) and the tooth roots (6) is an oxide layer (11).
    [13]
    13. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the toothing (2) has a surface hardness according to Vickers according to EN ISO 4498, selected from a range of 500 HV to 1300 HV.
    [14]
    14. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it has a core hardness according to Vickers according to EN ISO 4498, selected from a range of 100 HV to 500 HV.
    [15]
    15. sintered component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the volume fraction of γ'-nitride (Fe4N) in the connecting layer (8) is higher than the proportion of ε-nitride (Fe2-3N).
    [16]
    16. A method for producing a, in particular annular, sintered component (1) with a toothing (2) the teeth (3) with tooth roots (6) and tooth flanks (4), in near net-shape or net-shape quality comprising the steps Powder pressing, sintering and curing, characterized in that the hardening is carried out by plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing, wherein the tooth roots (6) are produced with a Zahnfußdauerfestigkeit of, Nm according to DIN 3990 of at least 200 MPa.
    [17]
    17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the toothing (2) is produced with a module from a range of 0.3 mm to 3 mm.
    [18]
    18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that a powder having the following composition is used: 0.1 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% chromium 0.1 wt .-% to 0.8 wt .-% Carbon 0 wt.% To 2 wt.% Molybdenum 0 wt.% To 2 wt.% Nickel Balance Iron.
    [19]
    19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that after sintering exclusively the tooth flanks (4) and optionally the tooth heads (5) compacted, in particular cold-compacted.
    [20]
    20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the tooth flanks (4) are compressed higher than the tooth roots (6).
    [21]
    21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the toothing (2) is oxidized after plasma nitriding.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    AT515352B1|2017-09-15|sintered component
    DE10203283A1|2003-08-07|Process for producing sintered components from a sinterable material
    DE102019000138A1|2019-07-25|Process for producing a sintered component
    DE102012222966A1|2014-04-17|A method of manufacturing a shift finger using metal powder injection molding
    DE10321521B3|2004-06-09|Oil pump used in the production of molded parts comprises a housing made from aluminum containing moving molded parts partially made from a sinterable material consisting of an austenitic iron-base alloy
    AT505699A1|2009-03-15|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SINTERED CERTAIN COMPONENT
    DE2360914A1|1974-06-12|Process for the production of preforms from metal powder
    EP2582477B1|2015-03-11|Structural component made of an iron-based sinter-alloy having reduced metal adhesion and method for its production
    DE112007003622B4|2020-08-06|Method of obtaining a gear with varying case hardness depth
    EP0747154A1|1996-12-11|Process and apparatus for producing sintered parts
    DE112007003626T5|2010-06-24|A method of obtaining a forged, carburized powder metal part
    EP0719349B1|1998-04-29|Process of producing sintered articles
    AT513429B1|2014-07-15|Method for producing a sintered component module
    DE102017011042A1|2018-06-07|Method for producing a swash plate
    DE602004007530T2|2008-03-13|SINTERED IRON BASED ALLOY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
    AT505698B1|2010-05-15|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SINTER-CURABLE SINTER MOLDING PART
    DE102021120602A1|2022-03-10|Process for hardening a sintered component
    DE102016103752A1|2016-09-08|Process for producing a brass or bronze composite component by means of sintered fit
    DE102016118156A1|2017-03-30|Process for producing a sintered gear
    DE102018003433A1|2018-11-22|Method for compacting the internal toothing of a toothed wheel
    DE112016001286T5|2018-01-11|MACHINE COMPONENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
    AT16903U1|2020-11-15|Process for the production of a sintered component
    DE102019213030A1|2021-03-04|Process for the powder metallurgical production of components from stainless martensitic steel
    AT512329B1|2014-01-15|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SINTERED COMPONENT
    DE102012203110A1|2013-08-29|Method for producing a bearing component
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102014225995A1|2015-07-30|
    CN104801716A|2015-07-29|
    AT515352A3|2017-09-15|
    US20150211621A1|2015-07-30|
    AT515352B1|2017-09-15|
    CN104801716B|2018-10-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP3278262B2|1993-10-15|2002-04-30|トヨタ自動車株式会社|Manufacturing method of sintered gear|
    KR20010038555A|1999-10-26|2001-05-15|김덕중|Nitration method of sintered gear|
    JP2003313649A|2002-04-24|2003-11-06|Toyota Motor Corp|Nitriding method and sintered member|
    DE102005027055A1|2005-06-10|2006-12-14|Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh|Process to manufacture teeth on a gear cog by cutting preform and sintering processes|DE102016012941A1|2016-10-28|2018-05-03|Mvo Gmbh Metallverarbeitung Ostalb|Process for machining a toothed rack and subsequently machined rack|US7025929B2|2004-04-08|2006-04-11|Pmg Ohio Corp.|Method and apparatus for densifying powder metal gears|
    DE102005027048A1|2005-06-10|2006-12-14|Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh|Sintered tooth element with locally selective surface compaction|
    CN103231051B|2013-03-30|2015-11-25|安徽省恒宇粉末冶金有限公司|A kind of powder metallurgy bevel gear and preparation method thereof|
    CN104043836A|2014-06-03|2014-09-17|芜湖水泵制造有限公司|Preparation method of powder metallurgy gear with excellent performance|CN106868404A|2015-12-14|2017-06-20|浙江火科技股份有限公司|A kind of rotating shuttle new alloy material and its application|
    DE102016220916A1|2016-10-25|2017-10-12|Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG|Ring gear for a wave gear, wave gear with the ring gear, shaft adjustment with the wave gear and method for manufacturing the ring gear|
    WO2019181449A1|2018-03-22|2019-09-26|日本電産株式会社|Surface treatment method, production method of sintered body with oxide film, and sintered body with oxide film|
    EP3611289A1|2018-08-17|2020-02-19|Flender GmbH|Method of manufacturing hardened components for gear boxes and gear boxes|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50051/2014A|AT515352B1|2014-01-28|2014-01-28|sintered component|ATA50051/2014A| AT515352B1|2014-01-28|2014-01-28|sintered component|
    DE102014225995.9A| DE102014225995A1|2014-01-28|2014-12-16|sintered component|
    US14/602,017| US20150211621A1|2014-01-28|2015-01-21|Sintered component|
    CN201510039268.0A| CN104801716B|2014-01-28|2015-01-27|Sintered component|
    [返回顶部]